Introduction ： Golf courses around the world are embarking on a shift toward sustainability, seeking innovative ways to reduce their environmental footprint while maintaining exceptional playing conditions.   In recent years, the metric for a "top-tier" golf course has shifted. It is no longer defined solely by the pristine condition of the greens or the difficulty of the hazards. Instead, a new standard has emerged: sustainability. As environmental stewardship becomes a global priority, course managers are under increasing pressure to reduce water consumption, control noise pollution, and manage carbon footprints.While much attention is paid to irrigation systems and organic fertilizers, one significant environmental factor often flies under the radar: the fleet of vehicles navigating the course. Golf carts are high-frequency equipment, and their energy source directly impacts the local ecology. The question is no longer just about mobility; it is about responsible energy ...