Introduction: Sustainable procurement strategies now demand a rigorous analysis of component lifecycles to effectively reduce hidden supply chain carbon liabilities.   As global enterprises accelerate their race toward Net Zero, the focus of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria has shifted dramatically. While early efforts targeted Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions—those directly owned or controlled by the organization—the regulatory and investor spotlight is now firmly fixed on Scope 3. This category encompasses the indirect emissions throughout the value chain, often accounting for over 70 percent of a company’s total carbon footprint. Within this complex web of suppliers and logistics, a critical yet frequently overlooked component is influencing both carbon performance and operational budgets: the autonomous power source. For decision-makers sourcing a  wholesale iot battery , understanding the relationship between cell chemistry, replacement cycles, and...